A DNA genealogy test is based on the fact that each of our cells contains DNA which is passed down to us from our parents and which they, in turn, inherited from their parents down through the generations. Although each of us have a unique DNA there are sections on the DNA strands which remain relatively unchanged through the generations and it is these segments which help genetic genealogists to determine our ancestry. These tests are a relatively new discovery but are fast gaining popularity as people want to find out where they are from.
The easiest way for a DNA genealogy test to be done is if a male from the family can be tested and the Y-chromosome analyzed. By studying segments (known as loci) on the Y-chromosome, fewer comparisons are needed than if the mitochondrial DNA is tested in women. Mitochondrial DNA is used to test your mother’s ancestry as it passed down from a woman to her daughter, whereas a Y-chromosome analysis can tell you of your male genealogy.
A DNA genealogy test can be ordered either online or through a local laboratory. Once you receive your DNA genealogy test you will then need to collect a sample of your DNA, this is usually done through taking a swab of the inner cheek. This sample is then sent away to the laboratory who will test it.
By analyzing specific segments on the mitochondrial DNA or Y-chromosome the laboratory is able to determine where your ancestors were from, due to the fact that certain patterns in the DNA are specific to certain populations. Depending on how far back the pattern goes the laboratory will be able to give you the continent you were from (if it goes back to ancient times) or get more specific if the pattern is relatively recent.
You will get the results of your DNA genealogy test either as a letter which specifies a specific area or as a percentage list of how much of each population group you have in your genealogy.
In conclusion, a DNA genealogy test is based on the fact that our DNA is passed down to us through the generations with parts of it remaining relatively unchanged. These parts contain a pattern which links us to a specific population group which the laboratory is able to identify. A DNA genealogy test is a relatively simple procedure with either a blood sample or swab of the inner cheek being taken for a DNA sample, which is then sent away to the laboratory and you will receive your results either as a letter which indicates the population group your ancestors belonged to, or a list of percentages of how much of each population group you have in your family tree.